from 'Americans for Tax Fairness' in March:

In 2022 America’s 10.9 million undocumented immigrants paid $96.7 billion in taxes.

..That included $19.5 billion in federal income taxes and $32.3 billion in federal payroll taxes.
..On a state and local level, undocumented immigrants contribute $37.3 billion in taxes, and in 40 of 50 states, they pay a higher effective state/local tax rate than the top 1% of households. The top 1% of highest-income households paid an average effective state/local tax of 7.2% in 2023, while the average undocumented immigrant paid a 10.1% effective tax rate to state/local governments.
..It is estimated that $40 to $137 billion of additional revenue could be generated each year if these people were granted work authorization. This is because a less exploitable workforce would be paid higher wages (thus pay more taxes) and tax compliance by both employers and employees would increase.

Undocumented Immigrants paid an effective federal income tax rate of 5.27% in 2022, which was higher than some of the wealthiest Americans and mega corporations.

..According to ProPublica’s released tax data from the 400 highest-income individuals, undocumented immigrants paid a higher effective tax rate than five of the richest Americans.
..Undocumented immigrants also paid a higher effective tax rate than 55 mega corporations. Here is a list of the Fortune 500 corporations that paid less that same year. These corporations had a combined pre-tax income of nearly $200 billion but paid just $3.7 billion in federal income tax, 90% less than undocumented immigrants.

Undocumented Immigrants make significant contributions to our economy.

Undocumented Immigrants make up around 5% of the total workforce, but play even larger roles in key industries: 1-in-7 construction workers, 1-in-8 agriculture workers, and 1-in-14 hospital workers.

Deporting millions of undocumented workers would shrink the economy by $1.1 to $1.7 trillion, a more devastating contraction than what happened during the 2008 financial crisis.

https://americansfortaxfairness.org/undocumented-immigrants-contribute-economy/

New nonpublic data from Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) indicate that the government is primarily detaining individuals with no criminal convictions of any kind. Also, among those with criminal convictions, they are overwhelmingly not the violent offenses that ICE continuously uses to justify its deportation agenda. ICE has shared this data with people outside the agency, who shared the numbers with the Cato Institute.

As of June 14, ICE had booked into detention 204,297 individuals (since October 1, 2024, the start of fiscal year 2025). Of those book-ins, 65 percent, or 133,687 individuals, had no criminal convictions. Moreover, more than 93 percent of ICE book-ins were never convicted of any violent offenses. About nine in ten had no convictions for violent or property offenses.

During the first two weeks of June, ICE brought into its custody nearly 927 non-criminals. That represents a roughly threefold increase compared to the rate of non-criminals booked in during the first week of this administration.

This understates the change in interior enforcement against non-criminals. This is mainly because ICE also books some people into custody who were originally detained by Border Patrol. Hence, the pre-Trump numbers include many non-criminals who had never lived in the United States before. Since then, the Trump administration has put Border Patrol in charge of mass deportation in California, and it is making interior arrests all along both the Mexican and Canadian borders. This means that the pre-Trump and post-Trump numbers are not directly comparable. We cannot say for certain how many peaceful individuals are being whisked off America’s streets by government agents.

ICE also books individuals who have pending criminal charges into custody. As of June 14, the agency had booked 44,897 individuals with only a pending charge. The agency sometimes erroneously calls these people “criminals,” even without a conviction. This is wrong. We believe in due process in America because many people charged are never ultimately convicted.

ICE admitted in court that it considers even people whose charges were dismissed to still be a “criminal” for purposes of removal, and many immigrants with pending charges are never convicted. For instance, ICE terminated the legal status of international student Suguru Onda for a dismissed fishing-related citation. The same thing happened to Akshar Patel, another international student, with a dismissed reckless driving charge. When ICE deports people without giving them their day in court, it not only deprives them of their right to clear their name but also denies justice to victims if they are guilty.

Regardless, ICE also hasn’t listed what the charges are for, and we know that it is slapping thousands of “illegal entry” charges on long-time residents to brand them as criminals and force California and other states to help deport them.

Nonetheless, focusing on people without pending charges or convictions, the difference in policy is indescribable. ICE doesn’t separately report the criminal status of book-in specifically from ICE arrests. But ICE’s public numbers on its currently detained population reveal a ninefold increase in immigrants being arrested by ICE and locked up by ICE for no other reason than their immigration status.

If we look at the net increase in immigrants detained by ICE after an ICE arrest, 70 percent of the increase in detention has come from people without criminal convictions.

https://www.cato.org/blog/65-people-taken-ice-had-no-convictions-93-no-violent-convictions

There is also state level research, that shows similar results: researchers at the CATO Institute, a libertarian think tank, looked into Texas in 2019. They found that undocumented immigrants were 37.1% less likely to be convicted of a crime.

Beyond incarceration rates, research also shows that there is no correlation between undocumented people and a rise in crime. Recent investigations by The New York Times and The Marshall Project found that between 2007 and 2016, there was no link between undocumented immigrants and a rise in violent or property crime in those communities.

The reason for this gap in criminal behavior might have to do with stability and achievement. The Stanford study concludes that first-generation male immigrants traditionally do better than U.S-.born men who didn't finish high school, which is the group most likely to be incarcerated in the U.S.

The study also suggests that there's a real fear of getting in trouble and being deported within immigrant communities. Far from engaging in criminal activities, immigrants mostly don't want to rock the boat.

https://www.npr.org/2024/03/08/1237103158/immigrants-are-less-likely-to-commit-crimes-than-us-born-americans-studies-find