The city is home to a community of about 7,000 Jews. Despite its small size, the community boasts at least a dozen active synagogues, three Jewish schools, and several kosher restaurants and grocery stores.

For [Afshin] Kaboli, the fact that the posters were directed at “Israelis,” as opposed to Jews, does not make a difference. “They say Israeli, but they mean Jews and everyone who does not dissociate themselves from what happens in Gaza,” he said. “We are all included, and in my case, even more so since my wife is Israeli.”

The posters are just the latest in a series of episodes that have been making Milanese Jews increasingly uncomfortable. The previous week, two Jewish teens aged 17 and 15, one of them openly wearing a kippah, the other a baseball cap, were attacked, beaten, and robbed by three aggressors, all underage, of Egyptian origin.

A few weeks earlier, a Jewish man was attacked by two men after they spotted him wearing a Star of David necklace. In May, a crafts store in an elegant street in the city center put up a sign in Italian reading, “Zionists and Israelis are not welcome.”