Religion

Jehovah's Witnesses, and Christian Scientists for example. They are not numerous, but they certainly exist.

However the metaphysical claims of various anti-vaccine groups are often indistinguishable from deistic metaphysics. And they number much more than the JW's, CS's and 'dutch reformed church' and other explicitly theological groups that forbid vaccines.

Edit: I may have somewhat misinterpreted your original question. Re-reading it, it looks like you are looking for an example that is much more broadly accepted, rather than the example I have given, which is a minority.