Muslim/Islam

"Science" is a specific way of doing research: The dominant way since about 1700.

It is one thing to research how to build an arc, how the human body works, to work on mathematical equations, to develop telescopes and to use them to keep track of the movement of stars...
It's an entirely other thing to apply this knowledge to build a world-view.

There was a shit-ton of research before science came around. Persia, Chaldea, Egypt, China... those were sophisticated cultures already many millennia ago. (The persian philosopher Zoroaster basically paved the way for the later and more famous greek philosophers.) But despite the research, the world-view never changed away from "Gods did it".

This is the big difference between research and science: Science includes the possibility of being fundamentally wrong about everything, including your religion.
The scientific method was born from pure coincidence out of a fusion of the mathematical progress of the late Renaissance and the philosophical justification for practical experiments from the early Renaissance (and a repopularization of the concept of "laws of nature" by Ramon Llull, one of the founding-fathers of Alchemy, in the late Middle-Ages).

Science eventually dared to go to a fundamentally materialistic world-view, without the need for a God. And this development began in the 18th century already, for example with the research into fertilization and the origins of life.
Earlier research never went so far as to doubt religious teachings simply because an experiment showed otherwise.

Daring to doubt religion, that's what makes science so special from other methods of research.